{"id":10169,"date":"2025-10-22T23:15:17","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T21:15:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/?page_id=10169"},"modified":"2025-10-26T16:16:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-26T15:16:50","slug":"sonder","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/sonder\/","title":{"rendered":"Sonder"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79.7135%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Enteral nutrition<\/span>\u00a0betyder att en patient f\u00e5r\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008080;\">n\u00e4ringstillf\u00f6rsel<\/span>\u00a0genom att \u00e4ta, via\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008080;\">NG-sond<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(nasogastrisk sond)<\/span>, genom\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008080;\">gastrostomi<\/span>\u00a0(<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">PRG\/PEG)<\/span>\u00a0eller en\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008080;\">jejunostomikaterer<\/span>\u00a0som l\u00e4ggs genom bukv\u00e4ggen direkt in i tunntarmen.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">F\u00f6r sondmatning\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(oavsett metod)<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00a0kr\u00e4vs att patienten har en fungerande passage genom mag-tarmkanalen.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.50395%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7825%; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;\">\n<div data-video-id=\"\" class='wp-block-html5-player-video html5_video_players' class=\"wp-block-html5-player-video\" data-nonce=\"5910aa34e1\" data-attributes=\"{&quot;provider&quot;:&quot;self-hosted&quot;,&quot;imported&quot;:false,&quot;clientId&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;uniqueId&quot;:&quot;h5vp1&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.rontgen.com\\\/metod\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/Esophagus_sveljning_1_740.mp4&quot;,&quot;poster&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play&quot;,&quot;pip&quot;,&quot;fullscreen&quot;],&quot;settings&quot;:[&quot;captions&quot;,&quot;quality&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;],&quot;loadSprite&quot;:true,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;playsinline&quot;:true,&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;volume&quot;:1,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;hideControls&quot;:true,&quot;resetOnEnd&quot;:true,&quot;tooltips&quot;:{&quot;controls&quot;:true,&quot;seek&quot;:true},&quot;captions&quot;:{&quot;active&quot;:false,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;update&quot;:true},&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;16:9&quot;,&quot;storage&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true,&quot;key&quot;:&quot;plyr&quot;},&quot;speed&quot;:{&quot;options&quot;:[&quot;0.5&quot;,&quot; 0.75&quot;,&quot; 1&quot;,&quot; 1.25&quot;,&quot; 1.5&quot;,&quot; 1.75&quot;,&quot; 2&quot;,&quot; 4&quot;]},&quot;loop&quot;:{&quot;active&quot;:true},&quot;ads&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true,&quot;tagUrl&quot;:null},&quot;urls&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;download&quot;:null},&quot;markers&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;points&quot;:[]},&quot;preload&quot;:&quot;metadata&quot;},&quot;features&quot;:{&quot;popup&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;selector&quot;:null,&quot;hasBtn&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;poster&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Watch Video&quot;,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;btnStyle&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#006BA1&quot;,&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16px&quot;,&quot;padding&quot;:{&quot;top&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;}}},&quot;overlay&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16px&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;logo&quot;:null,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;top_right&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;logo&quot;,&quot;opacity&quot;:0.6999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875}]},&quot;endScreen&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;End Screen Text&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Visit&quot;,&quot;btnLink&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;btnStyle&quot;:[]},&quot;thumbInPause&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;default&quot;},&quot;watermark&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;email&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#f00&quot;},&quot;passwordProtected&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;errorMessage&quot;:&quot;Password didn&#039;t matched&quot;,&quot;heading&quot;:&quot;It&#039;s a Password Protected Video. 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1.96972 4.27121 2.05542C4.10467 2.14112 4 2.31271 4 2.5V12.5C4 12.6873 4.10467 12.8589 4.27121 12.9446C4.43774 13.0303 4.63821 13.0157 4.79062 12.9069L11.7906 7.90687C11.922 7.81301 12 7.66148 12 7.5C12 7.33853 11.922 7.18699 11.7906 7.09314L4.79062 2.09314Z\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Varf\u00f6r p\u00e5 r\u00f6ntgen<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Med r\u00f6ntgengenomlysning minskar risken f\u00f6r felplacering av mat-sonden som annars kan riskera att hamna i <span style=\"color: #008080;\">luftv\u00e4garna<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(luftr\u00f6rern)<\/span> vilket upplevs mycket obehagligt f\u00f6r patienten.<br \/>\nOM sondmat ges med sonden felplacerad ner i luftv\u00e4garna kan detta ge livshotande tillst\u00e5nd f\u00f6r patienten.<br \/>\nEn annan f\u00f6rdel med sondnedl\u00e4ggning med hj\u00e4lp av r\u00f6ntgengenomlysning \u00e4r att sonden kan placeras med spetsen en bra bit ut i tunntarmen <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(jejunum)<\/span> f\u00f6r en mer precis nutriering av patienten. D\u00e5 sonden ligger ut i tunntarmen minskar man \u00e4ven risken f\u00f6r regurgitation <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(uppst\u00f6tning).<\/span><br \/>\nMed sonden placerad ut i tunntarmen f\u00e5r man \u00e4ven ett stabilare l\u00e4ge av sonden som medvetet kan justeras bak\u00e5t eller oavsiktligt backas 15-20 cm utan att sonden beh\u00f6ver &#8221;s\u00e4ttas om&#8221; p\u00e5 r\u00f6ntgenavdelningen.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #008080;\"><strong>Indikation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Nutrition<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5809\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5809\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/genml_sond_1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5809\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/genml_sond_1-100x75.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/genml_sond_1-100x75.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/genml_sond_1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/genml_sond_1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/genml_sond_1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5809\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Nutritionssond (NG)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Sond f\u00f6r enteral nutrition ges till patienter med risk f\u00f6r sjukdomsrelaterad <span style=\"color: #008080;\">undern\u00e4ring<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(sv\u00e4lt)<\/span> som inte p\u00e5 annat s\u00e4tt tillgodog\u00f6r sig ett tillr\u00e4ckligt n\u00e4ringsintag, v\u00e4tska, medicinering, etc. En sond som g\u00e5r in via ena n\u00e4sborren \u00e4r dock inte en optimal l\u00f6sning f\u00f6r l\u00e4ngre tids nutrition. Dels k\u00e4nns den b\u00e5de estetiskt som fysisk obekv\u00e4m.<br \/>\nF\u00f6rutom att en NG-sond anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r <span style=\"color: #008080;\">nutrition<\/span> kan en sond <span style=\"color: #008080;\">dr\u00e4nera<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(avlasta)<\/span> mags\u00e4cken vid tillst\u00e5nd d\u00e4r maginneh\u00e5ll inte tar sig vidare genom tarmsystemet eller patienten har \u00e5terkommande uppst\u00f6tningar med risk f\u00f6r aspirationspneumoni. Sonden kan \u00e4ven anv\u00e4ndas till <span style=\"color: #008080;\">ventrikelsk\u00f6ljning<\/span> vid tex. f\u00f6rgiftning. Till dessa funktioner anv\u00e4nds i regel en gr\u00f6vre sond \u00e4n vad som beh\u00f6vs f\u00f6r enbart nutritionsbehov.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Avses sondmatningen enbart en kortare tid<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"> (dagar\/veckor)<\/span> utan passagest\u00f6rningar i mag-tarmkanalen l\u00e4ggs l\u00e4mpligen en NG-sond.<br \/>\nVid l\u00e4ngre tids nutrieringsbehov via sond kan det finnas anledning att \u00f6verv\u00e4ga n\u00e5gon form av <span style=\"color: #008080;\">gastrostomi<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(PEG, knapp, etc.)<\/span> som har en h\u00e5llbarhet p\u00e5 3-6 m\u00e5nader.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Kontraindikationer<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(riskfaktorer)<\/span> f\u00f6r att erh\u00e5lla en NG-sond kan vara:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">St\u00f6rd\/upph\u00e4vd tarmpassage<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Pancreatit <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(bukspottk\u00f6rtelinflammation)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Chock<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">L\u00e4ttbl\u00f6dande esophagus <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(matstrupe)<\/span><span style=\"color: #008080;\"> eller ventrikel <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(mags\u00e4ck)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Nyligen opererad<\/span> i svalg\/matstrupe<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Demens<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Obstruktion av nedre magmunnen<\/span><sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"1\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"0000000058a069310000000035da0978_10169\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-0000000058a069310000000035da0978_10169-1\">1<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-0000000058a069310000000035da0978_10169-1\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"1\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Nedre magmunnen (pylorus) har en f\u00f6rstr\u00e4ngning\/blockering som medf\u00f6r att inneh\u00e5ll i mags\u00e4cken hindras fr\u00e5n att rinna\u00a0 ut i tarmsystemet.<\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Patienter med f\u00e4rsk <span style=\"color: #008080;\">skallbasfraktur<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>mm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kontroll av sondl\u00e4ge<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10734\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10734\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/vygon_sond_1_knick.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10734\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/vygon_sond_1_knick-150x133.jpg\" alt=\"Dysfunktionell NG-sond\" width=\"150\" height=\"133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/vygon_sond_1_knick-150x133.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/vygon_sond_1_knick-300x267.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/vygon_sond_1_knick-788x700.jpg 788w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/vygon_sond_1_knick-768x683.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/vygon_sond_1_knick.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10734\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dysfunktionell NG-sond<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>En <span style=\"color: #008080;\">dysfunktionell<\/span> befintlig NG-sond kan beh\u00f6va kontrolleras p\u00e5 r\u00f6ntgen.<br \/>\nEn ej fungerande sond med patienten i hemmet kan enklast att bytas p\u00e5 plats <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(i hemmet av hemsjukv\u00e5rden)<\/span> till en helt ny d\u00e5 patienten slipper ta sig in till sjukhuset och r\u00f6ntgen f\u00f6r en kontroll av sonden. Troligen byts sonden \u00e4nd\u00e5 p\u00e5 sjukhuset vilket som n\u00e4mnts kan g\u00f6ras i hemmet.<br \/>\nPatienter med NG-sond d\u00e4r sond-inl\u00e4ggningen tidigare gjorts p\u00e5 r\u00f6ntgen med <span style=\"color: #008080;\">k\u00e4nda sv\u00e5righeter<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(strikturer, anatomisk anomali, tum\u00f6r i matstrupen, sonden ska ut i tarmen, mm.)<\/span> att s\u00e4tta denna sond b\u00f6r \u00e5ka in till r\u00f6ntgen f\u00f6r en radiologisk kontroll av sonden. Dysfunktionell sond med k\u00e4nda sv\u00e5righeter att s\u00e4tta<span style=\"color: #008080;\"> ska ej dras ut<\/span> utan befintlig sond medf\u00f6ljer patienten till sjukhuset f\u00f6r denna kontroll och ev. byte till ny NG-sond.<\/p>\n<p>Denna kontroll g\u00f6rs med genomlysning d\u00e5 man kontrollerar l\u00e4get p\u00e5 sonden samtidigt som man kan spruta in <span style=\"color: #008080;\">kontrast<\/span> i sonden.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>Sonder<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">(material)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Nutritionssonder<\/span> ben\u00e4mns efter var sondens spets ligger d\u00e4r d\u00e5 sondmaten distribueras. Det finns s\u00e5ledes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Nasogastrisk sond<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(NG-sond(Clini-feeding sond)<\/span> f\u00f6r placering i mags\u00e4cken.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Nasoduodenal <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(nasoenterisk)<\/span> sond placeras s\u00e5 att sondspetsens \u00e4ndh\u00e5l \u00e4r i duodenum <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(tolvfingertarmen)<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Nasojejunal<\/span> <\/span>d\u00e4r sondens spets d\u00e5 ligger i jejunum <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(tomtarmen)<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Material<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sonder av <span style=\"color: #008080;\">PVC<\/span> \u00e4r f\u00f6r kortidsbruk <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(ca. 1 vecka)<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Sonder av <span style=\"color: #008080;\">Polyuretan<\/span> kan ligga 4 till 6 veckor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7960\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7960\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/konv_sondlege_1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-7960\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/konv_sondlege_1-150x107.jpg\" alt=\"Kontroll med kontrast av Freka-sond\" width=\"150\" height=\"107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/konv_sondlege_1-150x107.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/konv_sondlege_1-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/konv_sondlege_1-980x700.jpg 980w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/konv_sondlege_1-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/konv_sondlege_1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7960\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kontroll av FREKA-sond<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Sond f\u00f6r <span style=\"color: #008080;\">dekompression<\/span> av ventrikeln <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(V-sond)<\/span> ges till patienter med intermittenta kr\u00e4kningar med aspirationsrisk, avlastning av ventrikel, mm.<br \/>\nDessa sonder f\u00f6r detta \u00e4ndam\u00e5l \u00e4r oftast av h\u00e5rdare plastmaterial <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(polyuretan, PVC&#8230;)<\/span> d\u00e5 lumen \u00e4r\u00a0st\u00f6rre och sonden\u00a0d\u00e4rf\u00f6r beh\u00f6ver vara mer stabil.<br \/>\nEn <span style=\"color: #008080;\">kombination av nutrition- och ventrikelsond<\/span> f\u00f6r dekompression\u00a0\u00e4r sk. <span style=\"color: #008080;\">3-lumensonder<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(FREKA)<\/span>. Denna sond, med flera kombinerade kanaler i en sammanh\u00e4ngande sond, \u00e4r gr\u00f6vre \u00e4n vanliga NG-sonder. En FREKA-sond \u00e4r 8mm i diameter medan NG-sonder \u00e4r ca. 2-3mm tjock.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Om Clini-feeding-sond<\/strong> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(vanlig ben\u00e4mning f\u00f6r NG-sond)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Sonden \u00e4r en enkel nasogastrisk sond f\u00f6r enteral nutrition.<br \/>\nSonden \u00e4r ofta av <span style=\"color: #008080;\">polyuretan<\/span> och har en livsl\u00e4ngd p\u00e5 ca. <span style=\"color: #008080;\">30 dagar<\/span>.<br \/>\nMed sonden f\u00f6ljer oftast en <span style=\"color: #008080;\">ledare<\/span> som \u00e4r till hj\u00e4lp vid s\u00e4ttningen av sonden.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>ENFit-standard<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">ENFit<\/span>-standard \u00e4r en kopplingssystem f\u00f6r material avsedd f\u00f6r enbart enteral nutrition d\u00e4r man enbart kan koppla ihop olika slangar och sonder f\u00f6r enteralt bruk med varandra. Inga andra sprut- eller slangkopplingar passar till denna fattning.<br \/>\nDenna standard f\u00f6r kopplingar mellan olika produkter f\u00f6r enteralt bruk har tillkommit de senaste \u00e5ren f\u00f6r att undvika f\u00f6rv\u00e4xling med andra infusions-system och elliminera risken f\u00f6r att ge enteral nutrition <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(sondmat)<\/span> intraven\u00f6st <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(i blodet)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Alla ENFIT-kopplingar \u00e4r av sorten <span style=\"color: #008080;\">Luer-lock<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(skruvfattning)<\/span> och har numera en ljus lila f\u00e4rg. ENFIT-systemet best\u00e5r av material d\u00e4r kopplingarna p\u00e5 olika material ej \u00e4r avtagbara.<\/p>\n<p>De tidigare standarden <span style=\"color: #008080;\">ENLock<\/span> har utg\u00e5tt helt fr\u00e5n sortimenten av material f\u00f6r enteralt bruk. F\u00f6re ENLock fanns ingen standard f\u00f6r sammankoppling av olika system f\u00f6r nutrition, infusioner, mm. utan dessa sammankopplingar <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(p\u00e5 sonder, dropp-slangar, mm.)<\/span> var likadana som utgjordes av Luer- samt Luer-lock kopplingar.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #008080;\"><strong>Metod<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Att s\u00e4tta sond<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 148px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79.5295%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;\">Trots mycket goda f\u00f6ruts\u00e4tningar med en, inga anatomiska varianter, ingen patologi, etc. kan man \u00e4nd\u00e5 misslyckas med att s\u00e4tta sonden. B\u00e5de med och utan hj\u00e4lp av r\u00f6ntgen&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e4r man p\u00e5 v\u00e5rdavdelning eller annan v\u00e5rdinr\u00e4ttning st\u00f6ter p\u00e5 sv\u00e5righeter att f\u00e5 ner sonden till mags\u00e4cken b\u00f6r denna sondnedl\u00e4ggning utf\u00f6ras med\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008080;\">r\u00f6ntgengenomlysning<\/span>\u00a0d\u00e4r man i realtid\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(live)<\/span>\u00a0ser n\u00e4r man f\u00f6r sonden via munnen, genom svalg\/matstrupe och ner i mags\u00e4cken. Risken med att sonden g\u00e5r ner i luftv\u00e4garna, med det obehag f\u00f6r patienten detta medf\u00f6r, \u00e4r mycket liten n\u00e4r sonden l\u00e4ggs med hj\u00e4lp av r\u00f6ntgen.<br \/>\nSond vars \u00e4nde avses ligga f\u00f6rbi mags\u00e4cken b\u00f6r s\u00e4ttas p\u00e5 r\u00f6ntgen. Denna passage f\u00f6rbi nedre magmunnen\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(pylorus)<\/span>\u00a0g\u00e5r sv\u00e5rligen att g\u00f6ra utan att med r\u00f6ntgen &#8221;se vad man g\u00f6r&#8221;.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.66859%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.8018%; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;\">\n<div data-video-id=\"\" class='wp-block-html5-player-video html5_video_players' class=\"wp-block-html5-player-video\" data-nonce=\"5910aa34e1\" data-attributes=\"{&quot;provider&quot;:&quot;self-hosted&quot;,&quot;imported&quot;:false,&quot;clientId&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;uniqueId&quot;:&quot;h5vp2&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.rontgen.com\\\/metod\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/sondsettning_2-740.mp4&quot;,&quot;poster&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play&quot;,&quot;pip&quot;,&quot;fullscreen&quot;],&quot;settings&quot;:[&quot;captions&quot;,&quot;quality&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;],&quot;loadSprite&quot;:true,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;playsinline&quot;:true,&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;volume&quot;:1,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;hideControls&quot;:true,&quot;resetOnEnd&quot;:true,&quot;tooltips&quot;:{&quot;controls&quot;:true,&quot;seek&quot;:true},&quot;captions&quot;:{&quot;active&quot;:false,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;update&quot;:true},&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;16:9&quot;,&quot;storage&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true,&quot;key&quot;:&quot;plyr&quot;},&quot;speed&quot;:{&quot;options&quot;:[&quot;0.5&quot;,&quot; 0.75&quot;,&quot; 1&quot;,&quot; 1.25&quot;,&quot; 1.5&quot;,&quot; 1.75&quot;,&quot; 2&quot;,&quot; 4&quot;]},&quot;loop&quot;:{&quot;active&quot;:true},&quot;ads&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true,&quot;tagUrl&quot;:null},&quot;urls&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;download&quot;:null},&quot;markers&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;points&quot;:[]},&quot;preload&quot;:&quot;metadata&quot;},&quot;features&quot;:{&quot;popup&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;selector&quot;:null,&quot;hasBtn&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;poster&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Watch Video&quot;,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;btnStyle&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#006BA1&quot;,&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16px&quot;,&quot;padding&quot;:{&quot;top&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;}}},&quot;overlay&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16px&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;logo&quot;:null,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;top_right&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;logo&quot;,&quot;opacity&quot;:0.6999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875}]},&quot;endScreen&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;End Screen Text&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Visit&quot;,&quot;btnLink&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;btnStyle&quot;:[]},&quot;thumbInPause&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;default&quot;},&quot;watermark&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;email&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#f00&quot;},&quot;passwordProtected&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;errorMessage&quot;:&quot;Password didn&#039;t matched&quot;,&quot;heading&quot;:&quot;It&#039;s a Password Protected Video. 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Please login to view the video.&quot;},&quot;seo&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:0},&quot;qualities&quot;:null,&quot;thumbInPause&quot;:false,&quot;hideYoutubeUI&quot;:false,&quot;additionalCSS&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;additionalID&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;autoplayWhenVisible&quot;:false,&quot;styles&quot;:{&quot;plyr_wrapper&quot;:{&quot;width&quot;:&quot;200px&quot;,&quot;borderRadius&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;overflow&quot;:&quot;hidden&quot;},&quot;.plyr&quot;:{&quot;--plyr-color-main&quot;:&quot;#00b2ff&quot;}},&quot;CSS&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isCDURL&quot;:false,&quot;CDURL&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;posterTime&quot;:20,&quot;brandColor&quot;:&quot;#00B3FF&quot;,&quot;radius&quot;:{&quot;number&quot;:0,&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;},&quot;protected&quot;:false,&quot;password&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;protectedText&quot;:&quot;Please enter password to wath the 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1.96972 4.27121 2.05542C4.10467 2.14112 4 2.31271 4 2.5V12.5C4 12.6873 4.10467 12.8589 4.27121 12.9446C4.43774 13.0303 4.63821 13.0157 4.79062 12.9069L11.7906 7.90687C11.922 7.81301 12 7.66148 12 7.5C12 7.33853 11.922 7.18699 11.7906 7.09314L4.79062 2.09314Z\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>F\u00f6rberedelser<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Det finns <span style=\"color: #008080;\">inga generella f\u00f6rberedelser<\/span> f\u00f6r patientens del.<br \/>\nEn orolig patient kan dock beh\u00f6va f\u00e5 n\u00e5gon <span style=\"color: #008080;\">lugnande<\/span> l\u00e4kemedel inf\u00f6r sondnedl\u00e4ggningen.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Val av sond<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Val av sond beror p\u00e5 patientens tillst\u00e5nd, indikation f\u00f6r sond samt vad som ska distribueras via sonden.<br \/>\nPatienter som enbart beh\u00f6ver nutritionshj\u00e4lp och inte har retentionsproblem beh\u00f6ver endast en tunn och flexibel NG-sond.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Val av sondstorlek<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10732\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10732\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/sonder_genmlys_m_ledare.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10732\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/sonder_genmlys_m_ledare-148x150.jpg\" alt=\"NG-sonder\" width=\"150\" height=\"152\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/sonder_genmlys_m_ledare-148x150.jpg 148w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/sonder_genmlys_m_ledare-296x300.jpg 296w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/sonder_genmlys_m_ledare-690x700.jpg 690w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/sonder_genmlys_m_ledare-768x779.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/sonder_genmlys_m_ledare.jpg 789w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10732\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NG-sonder<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>NG-sonder finns i storlekarna 5, 7, 8 och 10F. Beroende p\u00e5 patient <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(barn\/vuxen)<\/span> samt vad som man avser spruta genom sonden v\u00e4ljs sond-storlek d\u00e4refter.<br \/>\nSonder finns \u00e4ven i olika l\u00e4ngder 50-120cm. Val av l\u00e4ngd beror p\u00e5 patientstorlek, om sonden enbart ska l\u00e4ggas till ventrikeln eller om den ska ligga ut i tunntarmen.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Om sonden ska anv\u00e4ndas <span style=\"color: #008080;\">enbart f\u00f6r nutrition<\/span> och v\u00e4tska kan man anv\u00e4nda alla storlekar.<\/li>\n<li>Om man avser att \u00e4ven <span style=\"color: #008080;\">medicinera patienten <\/span>med krossad och pulveriserad medicin b\u00f6r 10F sond s\u00e4ttas.\n<ul>\n<li>Var observant p\u00e5 hur och var medicinering tas upp. Normalt tas medicinernas verksamma \u00e4mnen upp i blodet via tarmslemhinnan. Vissa mediciner tas dock upp redan i ventrikeln tex. acetylsalicylsyra.<\/li>\n<li>Kontrollera om medicin i tablettform kan ers\u00e4ttas med liknande preparat i <span style=\"color: #008080;\">mixturform<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(flytande)<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Om sonden enbart ska l\u00e4ggas ner i mags\u00e4cken r\u00e4cker 50-80cm.\n<ul>\n<li>Patientens\u00a0f\u00f6dopassage\u00a0till tarmen fr\u00e5n\u00a0ventrikeln\u00a0kan d\u00e5 ej p\u00e5verkas.<\/li>\n<li>Vid <span style=\"color: #008080;\">passagehinder<\/span> eller annan f\u00f6rdr\u00f6jning av t\u00f6mningen fr\u00e5n mags\u00e4cken kan patienten erh\u00e5lla f\u00f6r mycket sondmat som inte passerar vidare utan d\u00e5 kan ge illam\u00e5ende och regurgitation <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(uppst\u00f6tning\/kr\u00e4kning)<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Om\u00a0sondens \u00e4nde avses <span style=\"color: #008080;\">l\u00e4ggas ut i tunntarmen<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(duodenum-\/jejunum)<\/span> ska sondens l\u00e4ngd vara minst <span style=\"color: #008080;\">110cm<\/span>.\n<ul>\n<li>Sondmatningen till tarmkanalen kan volymm\u00e4ssigt mer kontrolleras d\u00e5 passagen genom ventrikeln inte \u00e4r involverad.<\/li>\n<li>Patienten slipper ev. <span style=\"color: #008080;\">regurgitation<\/span> och <span style=\"color: #008080;\">illam\u00e5ende<\/span> d\u00e5 ingen sondmat ansamlas i ventrikeln.<\/li>\n<li>Om sonden senare \u00e4nd\u00e5 \u00f6nskas ha placering i ventrikeln \u00e4r denna d\u00e5 enkel att manuellt, utan r\u00f6ntgens hj\u00e4lp, backa till \u00f6nskad l\u00e4ge i mags\u00e4cken d\u00e5 man vet sondens l\u00e4ngd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Utf\u00f6rande <\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">(NG-sond)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79.5973%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Sonden l\u00e4ngd<\/span>\u00a0f\u00f6r placering i mags\u00e4cken v\u00e4ljs genom att\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008080;\">m\u00e4ta avst\u00e5ndet mellan n\u00e4sa och \u00f6ra plus \u00f6ra och processus xiphoideus<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(br\u00f6stbenets nedre spets)<\/span>.<br \/>\nDet g\u00e5r \u00e4ven att\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008080;\">m\u00e4ta fr\u00e5n n\u00e4stippen till patientens navel<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(huvudet rakt fram)<\/span>.<br \/>\nN\u00e4r detta m\u00e4tts m\u00e4rks sonden med t.ex. spritpenna eller tejp vid punkten f\u00f6r n\u00e4sspetsen. Det \u00e4r till denna markering sonden sedan ska f\u00f6ras in f\u00f6r att dess \u00e4nde d\u00e5 kommer att ligga i mags\u00e4cken.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 6.65889%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.7437%; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;\">\n<div data-video-id=\"\" class='wp-block-html5-player-video html5_video_players' class=\"wp-block-html5-player-video\" data-nonce=\"5910aa34e1\" data-attributes=\"{&quot;provider&quot;:&quot;self-hosted&quot;,&quot;imported&quot;:false,&quot;clientId&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;uniqueId&quot;:&quot;h5vp3&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.rontgen.com\\\/metod\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/sondsettning_1_740.mp4&quot;,&quot;poster&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play&quot;,&quot;pip&quot;,&quot;fullscreen&quot;],&quot;settings&quot;:[&quot;captions&quot;,&quot;quality&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;],&quot;loadSprite&quot;:true,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;playsinline&quot;:true,&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;volume&quot;:1,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;hideControls&quot;:true,&quot;resetOnEnd&quot;:true,&quot;tooltips&quot;:{&quot;controls&quot;:true,&quot;seek&quot;:true},&quot;captions&quot;:{&quot;active&quot;:false,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;update&quot;:true},&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;16:9&quot;,&quot;storage&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true,&quot;key&quot;:&quot;plyr&quot;},&quot;speed&quot;:{&quot;options&quot;:[&quot;0.5&quot;,&quot; 0.75&quot;,&quot; 1&quot;,&quot; 1.25&quot;,&quot; 1.5&quot;,&quot; 1.75&quot;,&quot; 2&quot;,&quot; 4&quot;]},&quot;loop&quot;:{&quot;active&quot;:false},&quot;ads&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true,&quot;tagUrl&quot;:null},&quot;urls&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;download&quot;:null},&quot;markers&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;points&quot;:[]},&quot;preload&quot;:&quot;metadata&quot;},&quot;features&quot;:{&quot;popup&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;selector&quot;:null,&quot;hasBtn&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;poster&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Watch Video&quot;,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;btnStyle&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#006BA1&quot;,&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16px&quot;,&quot;padding&quot;:{&quot;top&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;}}},&quot;overlay&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16px&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;logo&quot;:null,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;top_right&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;logo&quot;,&quot;opacity&quot;:0.6999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875}]},&quot;endScreen&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;End Screen Text&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Visit&quot;,&quot;btnLink&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;btnStyle&quot;:[]},&quot;thumbInPause&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;default&quot;},&quot;watermark&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;email&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#f00&quot;},&quot;passwordProtected&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;errorMessage&quot;:&quot;Password didn&#039;t matched&quot;,&quot;heading&quot;:&quot;It&#039;s a Password Protected Video. Do You Have any Password?&quot;,&quot;key&quot;:&quot;propagans_10751&quot;,&quot;button&quot;:{&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Access&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#222&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#ffffffe3&quot;},&quot;password&quot;:null},&quot;sticky&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;top_right&quot;},&quot;playWhenVisible&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false,&quot;hideYoutubeUI&quot;:false,&quot;startTime&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;hideLoadingPlaceholder&quot;:false,&quot;customPlayButtonSelector&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;saveState&quot;:true},&quot;onlyLoggedIn&quot;:{&quot;whoCanSeeThisVideo&quot;:&quot;everyone&quot;,&quot;allowedRoles&quot;:[],&quot;message&quot;:&quot;This video is only for registered users. Please login to view the video.&quot;},&quot;seo&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;description&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:0},&quot;qualities&quot;:null,&quot;thumbInPause&quot;:false,&quot;hideYoutubeUI&quot;:false,&quot;additionalCSS&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;additionalID&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;autoplayWhenVisible&quot;:false,&quot;styles&quot;:{&quot;plyr_wrapper&quot;:{&quot;width&quot;:&quot;200px&quot;,&quot;borderRadius&quot;:&quot;0px&quot;,&quot;overflow&quot;:&quot;hidden&quot;},&quot;.plyr&quot;:{&quot;--plyr-color-main&quot;:&quot;#00b2ff&quot;}},&quot;CSS&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isCDURL&quot;:false,&quot;CDURL&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;posterTime&quot;:20,&quot;brandColor&quot;:&quot;#00B3FF&quot;,&quot;radius&quot;:{&quot;number&quot;:0,&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;},&quot;protected&quot;:false,&quot;password&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;protectedText&quot;:&quot;Please enter password to wath the video&quot;,&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;startTime&quot;:0,&quot;preload&quot;:&quot;metadata&quot;,&quot;streaming&quot;:false,&quot;streamingType&quot;:&quot;hls&quot;,&quot;captionEnabled&quot;:false,&quot;vastTag&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;saveState&quot;:true,&quot;quality&quot;:[],&quot;subtitle&quot;:[{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;English\\\/en&quot;,&quot;caption_file&quot;:&quot;&quot;}],&quot;chapters&quot;:[],&quot;controls&quot;:{&quot;play-large&quot;:true,&quot;restart&quot;:false,&quot;rewind&quot;:false,&quot;play&quot;:true,&quot;fast-forward&quot;:false,&quot;progress&quot;:true,&quot;current-time&quot;:true,&quot;duration&quot;:false,&quot;mute&quot;:true,&quot;volume&quot;:true,&quot;pip&quot;:false,&quot;airplay&quot;:false,&quot;settings&quot;:true,&quot;downlaod&quot;:false,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:true},&quot;width&quot;:{&quot;deprecated&quot;:true,&quot;number&quot;:100,&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;},&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;sticky&quot;:false,&quot;stickyPosition&quot;:&quot;top-right&quot;,&quot;popup&quot;:false,&quot;popupType&quot;:&quot;button&quot;,&quot;playsinline&quot;:false,&quot;popupBtnStyle&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#006BA1&quot;,&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16px&quot;,&quot;padding&quot;:{&quot;top&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;},&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;},&quot;popupBtnText&quot;:&quot;Watch Video&quot;,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false,&quot;thumbStyle&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;resetOnEnd&quot;:false,&quot;autoHideControl&quot;:true,&quot;overlay&quot;:false,&quot;overlayPosition&quot;:&quot;top_right&quot;,&quot;overlayBackground&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;overlayOpacity&quot;:0.8000000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125,&quot;overlayTextColor&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;overlayFontSize&quot;:{&quot;number&quot;:20,&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;},&quot;overlayTextHoverColor&quot;:&quot;#ffffff&quot;,&quot;endScreen&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Simple Text&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Watch Again&quot;,&quot;btnLink&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;btnStyle&quot;:[]},&quot;endscreen&quot;:false,&quot;endscreenText&quot;:&quot;Endscreen text&quot;,&quot;endscreenTextLink&quot;:&quot;#&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:true,&quot;2&quot;:true,&quot;3&quot;:true,&quot;0.5&quot;:true,&quot;0.75&quot;:true,&quot;1.25&quot;:true,&quot;1.5&quot;:true,&quot;1.75&quot;:true,&quot;2.5&quot;:true}}\" >\n    <style>\n        .preload_poster svg {background: var(--plyr-video-control-background-hover, var(--plyr-color-main, var(--plyr-color-main, #1ABAFF)));border: 0;border-radius: 100%;left: 50%;opacity: .9;padding: calc(var(--plyr-control-spacing, 8px) * 1.5);position: absolute;top: 50%;transform: translate(-50%, -50%);transition: .3s;z-index: 2;box-sizing: content-box;fill: #fff;}\n        .preload_poster {display: block}\n    <\/style>\n    <div class=\"preload_poster\" style=\"overflow:hidden;aspect-ratio:16:9;background-image:url()\">\n        <svg width=\"24px\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 15\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n            <path d=\"M4.79062 2.09314C4.63821 1.98427 4.43774 1.96972 4.27121 2.05542C4.10467 2.14112 4 2.31271 4 2.5V12.5C4 12.6873 4.10467 12.8589 4.27121 12.9446C4.43774 13.0303 4.63821 13.0157 4.79062 12.9069L11.7906 7.90687C11.922 7.81301 12 7.66148 12 7.5C12 7.33853 11.922 7.18699 11.7906 7.09314L4.79062 2.09314Z\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Ledaren<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(metall-tr\u00e5d)<\/span> som oftast medf\u00f6ljer sonden b\u00f6r sm\u00f6rjas in med <span style=\"color: #008080;\">medicinsk silikon<\/span> eller liknande innan den f\u00f6rs in i sonden. M\u00e5nga sonders material ger ofta en kraftigt \u00f6kad friktion av ledaren i sonden. Det kan d\u00e4rf\u00f6r vara sv\u00e5rt att senare f\u00f6ra p\u00e5 resp. dra ut ledare om den inte sm\u00f6rjes in f\u00f6re med n\u00e5got glidmedel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>NG-sond till mags\u00e4cken<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Att ha patienten liggande eller sittande beror mycket p\u00e5 patientens tillst\u00e5nd.\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>Att sitta upp upplevs ofta mer &#8221;bekv\u00e4mt&#8221; f\u00f6r vaken och r\u00f6rlig patient. Patienten kan d\u00e5 ha en &#8221;kr\u00e4kp\u00e5se\/sk\u00e5l&#8221; och servett i h\u00e4nderna.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>P\u00e5 r\u00f6ntgen underl\u00e4ttar det <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(\u00e4ven f\u00f6r patienten)<\/span> om patienten ligger ner.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Patienten f\u00e5r sj\u00e4lv v\u00e4lja n\u00e4sborre.\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>Om s\u00e5r eller tidigare ingrepp i ena n\u00e4sborren v\u00e4lj d\u00e5 den andra n\u00e4sborren.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>En mindre m\u00e4ngd <span style=\"color: #008080;\">bed\u00f6vningsgel<\/span> sprutas in i den valda n\u00e4sborren. Denna gel f\u00e5r d\u00e4refter verka n\u00e5gon minut.\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>Gelen appliceras \u00e4ven p\u00e5 sondens \u00e4nde f\u00f6r &#8221;<span style=\"color: #008080;\">b\u00e4ttre glid<\/span>&#8221; genom n\u00e4sborre och svalg.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>Patienten f\u00e5r ofta <span style=\"color: #008080;\">bed\u00f6vningsspray<\/span> avsedd f\u00f6r n\u00e4sa\/svalg d\u00e5 man minimerar obehagen vid sondens passage genom svalget.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Spray kan dock genom sin fr\u00e4na smak framkalla kr\u00e4kreflex.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Sonden<\/span>, preparerad med medf\u00f6ljande ledare samt genomspolad med NaCl, f\u00f6res in genom vald n\u00e4sborre.\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>Patienten kan h\u00e5lla <span style=\"color: #008080;\">huvudet fram\u00e5tb\u00f6jd<\/span> vid passagen genom svalget ner i matstrupen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Vid passagen f\u00f6rbi <span style=\"color: #008080;\">struplocket<\/span> underl\u00e4ttar det om <span style=\"color: #008080;\">patienten sv\u00e4ljer<\/span> medan sonden f\u00f6res ner.\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>Vakna och &#8221;klara&#8221; patienter kan sv\u00e4lja en <span style=\"color: #008080;\">klunk vatten<\/span> samtidigt som sonden f\u00f6res f\u00f6rbi struplocket och vidare ner i matstrupen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e4r sondens markering <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(se m\u00e4ta l\u00e4ngden ovan)<\/span> \u00e4r vid n\u00e4sborren b\u00f6r sonden ligga nere i ventrikeln.<\/li>\n<li>F\u00f6r <span style=\"color: #008080;\">kontroll av l\u00e4ge<\/span> i ventrikeln kan luft sprutas in i sonden och askulteras <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(lyssna)<\/span> med stetoskop \u00f6ver magen.\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>Man kan \u00e4ven kunna <span style=\"color: #008080;\">aspirera<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(suga upp)<\/span> maginneh\u00e5ll via sonden med en p\u00e5kopplad spruta.<\/li>\n<li>Annan kontroll av av sondl\u00e4get \u00e4r med <span style=\"color: #008080;\">lackmuspapper<\/span> med vilken man kan kontrollera maginneh\u00e5ll som f\u00e4rgar lackmuspapperet fr\u00e5n lila till rosa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Sonden f\u00e4stes med <span style=\"color: #008080;\">tejp<\/span> mot n\u00e4san.<\/li>\n<li>Vid <span style=\"color: #008080;\">oklart l\u00e4ge b\u00f6r en r\u00f6ntgen g\u00f6ras<\/span> f\u00f6r kontroll av sondens l\u00e4get <span style=\"color: #008080;\">innan matning<\/span> eller medicinering genom sonden p\u00e5b\u00f6rjas.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Sond till tarmen<\/strong> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(nasoenterisk sond till tolvfinger-\/tomtarmen)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Till denna procedur kr\u00e4vs <span style=\"color: #008080;\">en l\u00e4ngre sond<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(\u2265110cm)<\/span> d\u00e5 den ska en l\u00e4ngre bit ut i mag-tarm kanalen.<br \/>\nDenna mer distala placering av sonden <span style=\"color: #008080;\">kan endast genomf\u00f6ras p\u00e5 r\u00f6ntgen<\/span> med hj\u00e4lp av genomlysning d\u00e4r l\u00e4kare\/r\u00f6ntgensk\u00f6terska ser sondens passage f\u00f6rbi mags\u00e4cken.<br \/>\nSondens l\u00e4ge mer distalt i tarmen <span style=\"color: #008080;\">kontrolleras<\/span> d\u00e4refter med <span style=\"color: #008080;\">kontrast<\/span> eller <span style=\"color: #008080;\">luft<\/span>.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Metod enligt <span style=\"color: #008080;\">ovan<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(NG-sond till mags\u00e4cken).<\/span><\/li>\n<li>F\u00f6r att <span style=\"color: #008080;\">manipulera<\/span> sonden genom mags\u00e4cken och ut f\u00f6rbi nedre magmunnen <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(pulorus)<\/span> kr\u00e4vs att en <span style=\"color: #008080;\">metall-ledare<\/span> finns i sonden som medf\u00f6r olika r\u00f6relser av sonden.<\/li>\n<li>Denna passage till tarmen kan ibland vara <span style=\"color: #008080;\">sv\u00e5r<\/span> d\u00e5 avvikande anatomi kan f\u00f6rsv\u00e5ra processen <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(alla \u00e4r vi olika&#8230;)<\/span>.\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>Man beh\u00f6ver ofta spruta in en liten m\u00e4ngd kontrast genom sonden, som ligger parkerad i mags\u00e4cken, f\u00f6r att avg\u00f6ra magmunnens l\u00e4ge och passagen vidare ut.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6nskas sonden ligga ut f\u00f6rbi nedre magmunnen f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker man placera sondens \u00e4nde ut till den sk. <span style=\"color: #008080;\">Treitz ligament<\/span><sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"2\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"0000000058a069310000000035da0978_10169\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-0000000058a069310000000035da0978_10169-2\">2<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-0000000058a069310000000035da0978_10169-2\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Treitz ligament en en bindv\u00e4vssena som h\u00e4nger upp tolvfingertarmens v\u00e4nstra kr\u00f6k mot diafragmavalvets underdel. H\u00e4r g\u00f6r tunntarmen en skarp sv\u00e4ng ner till bukens centrala delar. Denna kr\u00f6k markerar \u00f6verg\u00e5ngen mellan tolvfingertarmen (duodenum) och tomtarmen (jejunum).<\/span><\/span>.\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>Man kan med f\u00f6rdel l\u00e4gga sonden n\u00e5gra cm. ner i tomtarmen om s\u00e5 g\u00e5r. Sonden f\u00e5r d\u00e5 \u00e4ven ett stabilare l\u00e4ge och klarar att backas ut, frivilligt eller ofrivilligt, upp till ca. 20 cm utan att man beh\u00f6ver &#8221;s\u00e4tta om&#8221; den.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Kontroll<\/span> av sondens l\u00e4ge g\u00f6rs med en liten m\u00e4ngd (5-10ml) jodkontrast genom sonden.<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: circle;\">\n<li>Om patienten har allergi mot jodkontrastmedel eller inom snar tid ska genomg\u00e5 en annan r\u00f6ntgenunders\u00f6kning d\u00e4r ev. kontrast i tarmarna kan p\u00e5verka bed\u00f6mning, etc. av bilderna kan man spruta ner 20ml rumsluft som ses d\u00e5 man samtidigt genomlyser med r\u00f6ntgen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Annat<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4605\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4605\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/sond_igensatt_1jpg.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4605\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/sond_igensatt_1jpg-100x77.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"116\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/sond_igensatt_1jpg-100x77.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/sond_igensatt_1jpg-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/sond_igensatt_1jpg.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4605\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Igensatt sond<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Sonden ska alltid f\u00f6re samt efter bruk <span style=\"color: #008080;\">spolas igenom<\/span> med minst 30ml vatten.<\/li>\n<li>Ska <span style=\"color: #008080;\">l\u00e4kemedel<\/span> ges via en NG-sond m\u00e5ste denna vara v\u00e4l mosad och utblandad med n\u00e5gon v\u00e4tska f\u00f6r att inte orsaka stopp i sonden.\n<ul>\n<li>B\u00e4st \u00e4r om det aktuella l\u00e4kemedlet finns\u00a0 i flytande form.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">L\u00e4kemedel<\/span> och <span style=\"color: #008080;\">sondmatning<\/span> b\u00f6r inte ges samtidigt utan sondmaten b\u00f6r pausas ca. 30 minuter f\u00f6re resp. efter att l\u00e4kemedel givits i sonden.\n<ul>\n<li>Detta f\u00f6r att det finns risk att vissa l\u00e4kemedel som <span style=\"color: #008080;\">interagerar<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(p\u00e5verkas)<\/span> med vissa typer av sondmat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Sonder<\/span> vars \u00e4nde <span style=\"color: #008080;\">ligger nedom mags\u00e4cken<\/span> tillf\u00f6rs sondmat som ej \u00e4r &#8221;uppblandad&#8221; med magsyra fr\u00e5n mags\u00e4cken.\n<ul>\n<li>Denna avsaknad av <span style=\"color: #008080;\">magsyra<\/span> m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r en h\u00f6gre bakterietillv\u00e4xt i samband med sondmatningen varf\u00f6r det \u00e4r <span style=\"color: #008080;\">viktigt med god hygien<\/span> vid hanteringen av dessa sonder.<\/li>\n<li>Likas\u00e5 skall sondmatning som g\u00e5r direkt till tarmsystemet <span style=\"color: #008080;\">ges l\u00e5ngsamt<\/span> f\u00f6r att inte patienten ska riskera drabbas av <span style=\"color: #008080;\">diarr\u00e9<\/span>\u00a0eller magont.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Om sondspetsen placeras distalt om mags\u00e4cken b\u00f6r <span style=\"color: #008080;\">infusionspump<\/span> anv\u00e4ndas vid sondmatningen samt ha s\u00e4nkt hastighet p\u00e5 matningen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #008080;\"><strong>Anatomi och fysiologi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Matspj\u00e4lkning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bukorgan_2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-7807\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bukorgan_2-139x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bukorgan_2-139x150.jpg 139w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bukorgan_2-279x300.jpg 279w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/bukorgan_2.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>Matspj\u00e4lkning<\/span> betyder att den f\u00f6da man tar in i munnen s\u00f6nderdelas och tas upp av kroppen via mag-tarmkanalen.<br \/>\nTill matspj\u00e4lkningsapparaten h\u00f6r <span style=\"color: #008080;\">munh\u00e5la<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">t\u00e4nder<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">tunga<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">gomsegel<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">svalg<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">matstrupe<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">mags\u00e4ck<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">tunntarm<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">tjocktarm<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">\u00e4ndtarm<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">lever<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">gallv\u00e4gar<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">gallbl\u00e5sa<\/span> och <span style=\"color: #008080;\">bukspottk\u00f6rteln<\/span>.<br \/>\nDet \u00e4r s\u00e5ledes en stor del av kroppens organ som ing\u00e5r i detta system som tar hand om f\u00f6da och v\u00e4tska f\u00f6r att vi som m\u00e4nniska ska kunna tillgodog\u00f6ra oss och utvinna energi fr\u00e5n denna mat och v\u00e4tska s\u00e5 vi kan fungera kroppsligt sett.<\/p>\n<p>Det tar ca. <span style=\"color: #008080;\">24-30 timmar f<\/span>\u00f6r maten att passera fr\u00e5n munnen till \u00e4ndtarmen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mags\u00e4ck<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8337\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8337\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/anatomi_magseck_1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8337\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/anatomi_magseck_1-130x150.jpg\" alt=\"Anatomi mags\u00e4cken (ventrikel)\" width=\"150\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/anatomi_magseck_1-130x150.jpg 130w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/anatomi_magseck_1-260x300.jpg 260w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/anatomi_magseck_1-607x700.jpg 607w, https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/anatomi_magseck_1.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8337\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anatomi mags\u00e4cken<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Mags\u00e4cken<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(anatomi)<\/span> fungerar som tillf\u00e4llig lagringsplats f\u00f6r f\u00f6dan och rymmer normalt ca. <span style=\"color: #008080;\">1,5-2 liter<\/span>. Under denna tid f\u00f6dan ligger i mags\u00e4cken forts\u00e4tter spj\u00e4lkningsprocessen d\u00e4r maten blandas med\u00a0 saltsyra och enzymer.<br \/>\nUnder f\u00f6dans v\u00e4g genom mag-tarm kanalen bearbetas den av mer \u00e4n 20 olika enzymer som alla \u00e4r specialiserade p\u00e5 att bearbeta en viss best\u00e5ndsdel i f\u00f6dan.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\u00d6vre delen<\/span> av mags\u00e4cken har <span style=\"color: #008080;\">k\u00f6rtelceller<\/span> som enbart uts\u00f6ndrar <span style=\"color: #008080;\">slem<\/span>. I <span style=\"color: #008080;\">nedre delen<\/span> av mags\u00e4cken finns miljontals av de k\u00f6rtelcellerna <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(parietalceller)<\/span><sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"3\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"0000000058a069310000000035da0978_10169\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-0000000058a069310000000035da0978_10169-3\">3<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-0000000058a069310000000035da0978_10169-3\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"3\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Parietalceller \u00e4r de f\u00e5 celltyper i kroppen som klarar av att ligga i en sur milj\u00f6 som best\u00e5r av saltsyra.<\/span><\/span> som uts\u00f6ndrar <span style=\"color: #008080;\">saltsyran<\/span> i mags\u00e4cken. Slemhinneproducerande celler i mags\u00e4cken bildar ett skyddande skikt i mags\u00e4ckens v\u00e4gg som skydd mot saltsyran.<br \/>\nAll slem och andra produkter som uts\u00f6ndras av celler i mags\u00e4cken kallas <span style=\"color: #008080;\">magsaft<\/span>. Det bildas normalt ca. <span style=\"color: #008080;\">2-3 liter<\/span> sur magsaft per dygn. Denna sura milj\u00f6 i mags\u00e4cken f\u00f6rst\u00f6r n\u00e4stan alla mikroorganismer utom ett f\u00e5tal som klarar denna milj\u00f6 s\u00e5 som tuberkulosbakterie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tunntarm<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Tunntarmen<\/span> \u00e4r ca. 3 meter<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"4\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"0000000058a069310000000035da0978_10169\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-0000000058a069310000000035da0978_10169-4\">4<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-0000000058a069310000000035da0978_10169-4\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"4\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Hos avlidna \u00e4r tunntarmen ca. 6-7 meter.<\/span><\/span> och ligger slingrad i st\u00f6rre delen av bukh\u00e5lan. F\u00f6dan <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(sk. tarmv\u00e4lling)<\/span> i tunntarmen matas fram genom <span style=\"color: #008080;\">peristaltiska r\u00f6relser<\/span> som d\u00e5 \u00e4ven <span style=\"color: #008080;\">blandar<\/span> upp f\u00f6dan med bukspott och galla.<br \/>\nDen f\u00f6rsta delen heter <span style=\"color: #008080;\">tolvfingertarmen<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(duodenum)<\/span> och utg\u00f6r ett ca. <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">20-30 cm l\u00e5ngt<\/span> segment. Inom detta segment finns utf\u00f6rsg\u00e5ngarna fr\u00e5n levern och bukspottk\u00f6rteln.<br \/>\nI resterande delarna av tunntarmen <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(jejunum, ileum)<\/span> fortg\u00e5r spj\u00e4lkningen och f\u00f6dan absorberas i tunntarmens v\u00e4gg som \u00e4r kl\u00e4dda med miljontals 1 mm l\u00e5nga tarmludd <span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(villi)<\/span>. I fickorna mellan tarmludden best\u00e5r tarmv\u00e4ggen av ett enda lager celler d\u00e4r n\u00e4rings\u00e4mnen absorberas. Plattar man ut ytan av all tarmludd blir denna ca. 300 m\u00b2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Enteral nutrition\u00a0betyder att en patient f\u00e5r\u00a0n\u00e4ringstillf\u00f6rsel\u00a0genom att \u00e4ta, via\u00a0NG-sond\u00a0(nasogastrisk sond), genom\u00a0gastrostomi\u00a0(PRG\/PEG)\u00a0eller en\u00a0jejunostomikaterer\u00a0som l\u00e4ggs genom bukv\u00e4ggen direkt in i tunntarmen. F\u00f6r sondmatning\u00a0(oavsett metod)\u00a0kr\u00e4vs att patienten har<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10169","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10169"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10169\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rontgen.com\/metod\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}